By: Tom White
As interest in renewable energy continues to rise, more homeowners are exploring solar power as a way to reduce utility bills and environmental impact. While solar technology may seem complex at first glance, it relies on well-established scientific principles. In this guide, Define Solar, a solar company based in NJ and PA, explains how solar panels work and what factors influence their performance.
Turning Sunlight into Electricity: The Photovoltaic Effect
At the heart of every solar energy system are photovoltaic (PV) cells, typically made from silicon. These cells absorb sunlight and convert it into electricity through the photovoltaic effect, a process in which light energy frees electrons, generating a flow of direct current (DC) electricity.
Individual PV cells are grouped into panels, which are then combined into larger solar arrays. The size, angle, and positioning of these arrays on a rooftop or other surface directly influence how much electricity they produce. For example, in the Northern Hemisphere, south-facing panels with a tilt angle optimized for latitude generally yield stronger performance.
Making Solar Power Compatible with Home Energy Use
While solar panels generate DC electricity, household appliances and systems typically operate on alternating current (AC). To bridge this gap, solar installations include inverters—devices that convert DC to AC.
There are two main types:
- String (central) inverters, which manage output from a series of panels.
- Microinverters, installed at each panel to individually optimize performance.
These options often depend on factors like shading, roof shape, and system size.
What Happens to Extra Solar Energy?
Solar systems often generate more electricity than a home can use during sunny hours. In many states, net metering policies allow this excess energy to be sent back to the grid. Homeowners receive credits for this contribution, which can offset electricity costs when solar production is lower, such as at night or on cloudy days.
Some systems may also include battery storage, which allows surplus energy to be saved for later use. This can be particularly useful for backup power during outages or for homes aiming for greater energy independence.
Making Informed Decisions About Solar
Understanding how solar energy works helps homeowners make more informed decisions about transitioning to renewable power. While installation and system design can be technical, local solar providers like Define Solar are prepared to assess each property’s unique requirements, recommend appropriate system configurations, and clarify available incentives such as net metering.
As solar technology advances and becomes more accessible, households have increasing opportunities to participate in clean energy production.
About Define Solar
Define Solar, serving NJ and PA, focuses on delivering solar installations with an emphasis on communication, craftsmanship, and project-specific solutions. With several years of experience and a history of working with numerous families, the company strives to offer dependable and attentive service. Every project is customized to align with individual client needs, with the goal of achieving satisfactory energy outcomes.
Disclaimer: The information provided in this article is for general educational purposes only and does not constitute professional advice. While Define Solar has contributed insights regarding solar technology and installation, readers are encouraged to conduct their own research and consult qualified professionals when making decisions about energy systems, financing, or policy incentives.
Published by Jeremy S.
